Immunotherapy is a treatment that improves the patient's immune system's ability to detect and destroy cancer. Cancer cells frequently have mutations that allow them to evade detection by the immune system. Immunotherapy drugs are intended to boost immune cells' cancer-fighting abilities in order to give the immune system an advantage. Cells naturally grow and divide, but there are processes within cells that tell them to stop. Cell growth can go haywire if these processes fail. These abnormal cells can develop into cancer and invade healthy organs and tissues, eventually spreading to other parts of the body. Normally, the immune system detects and destroys abnormal cells while also limiting the growth of potential cancer cells. The immune system is made up of white blood cells as well as lymphatic organs and tissues such as the thymus, spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes, lymph vessels, and bone marrow. Cancer cells, on the other hand, can learn to avoid being destroyed by the immune system. Cancer cells begin as normal cells, so the immune system does not always recognize them as foreign. Cancer cells can also take advantage of genetic changes that render them immune-invisible; they can contain proteins that turn off immune cells, or they can alter how the immune system responds. To address this, researchers have discovered ways to assist the immune system in detecting and attacking cancer cells in the same way that it would viruses, bacteria, or other foreign invaders.
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